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Even
amid a skyline jammed with massive construction
projects, the Burj Dubai is a standout.
In
September, it beat the 31-year-old record held by the CN
Tower in Toronto to become the world’s tallest
freestanding structure. When it’s completed in 2008,
Dubai’s tower will be the tallest building in every
category and home to one of Giorgio Armani’s first
hotels.
This is
kind of a Dubai obsession—having the biggest this,
grandest that, most ostentatious the other thing.
Developers have designs on the biggest shopping mall,
the largest theme park, the first submerged luxury hotel
and an artificial archipelago that is expected to be
visible from outer space.
Dubai seems a unique amalgam of
Hong
Kong, Riyadh and Las Vegas. No doubt this latter
quality—giant theme hotels and countless construction
sites cropping out of the desert—explains Donald Trump’s
interest. The Trump Organization’s 48-story tower will
include about 660 hotel rooms and condominium
apartments.
It’s no
wonder economists are buzzing about the “Dubai bubble,”
especially with crude-oil prices nearing $100 a barrel.
Actually, they have been talking about Dubai’s property
markets imploding for years—to no avail. As oil prices
rise and Dubai, one of seven sheikdoms of the United
Arab Emirates (UAE), diversifies its economy, it
continues to confound the skeptics.
Bright
future
“Just
look around this place,” Faisel Hoodbhoy, a managing
director at Dubai International Financial Exchange, said
at an Institutional Investor conference last week. “The
future for
Dubai is very, very bright.”
Of
course, doomsayers may have some ammunition in the
“skyscraper curse.”
There’s
an old saying in journalism that if you have a good
story, write it from time to time. We all have a couple
of favorite issues, causes or quirky lenses through
which to view complex problems. One of mine is the
uncanny correlation between tallest-building projects
and financial crises.
It
happened in Kuala Lumpur in 1997, Chicago
in 1974, New York in 1930 and, in biblical times, with
the
Tower of Babel. A bizarre coincidence perhaps, yet humankind’s propensity
for architectural overreach has been a reliable omen of
meltdowns.
Taiwan,
which in 2004 became home to the tallest building, was
arguably affected. Its economy didn’t implode; so much
as it’s disappearing. China has done a masterful job
marginalizing an island it sees as a breakaway province.
Now, among Taiwan’s main allies are Kiribati, Swaziland
and the Holy See. An economic crisis? You decide.
Development miracle
The
thing about record-breaking skyscrapers is that they can
say as much about hubris as wealth, ambition and
technology. Is Dubai a development miracle? Or is it the
center of an Arabian asset bubble tied to surging oil
prices?
At least
for the moment, it would appear to be the former.
The rise
in oil prices may prove more secular than cyclical.
Demand from China and India alone almost ensures it.
Officials point out that oil revenue accounts for just 6
percent of Dubai’s gross domestic product. Even so, it’s
not clear its banking and tourism industries would
offset an oil crash. Luckily for
Dubai, oil prices are likely to stay high.
Also,
much of the oil proceeds are being invested at home.
Dubai’s boom isn’t being financed with debt the way
previous ones were in
Asia and the West; it’s being financed with something closer to
equity, if you will—shares in Dubai Inc.
Dubai
Inc.
Speaking
of equities, DP World Ltd., the Dubai-owned port
operator with terminals from the United Kingdom to
China, last week raised $4.96 billion in the Middle
East’s largest initial public offering (IPO). It was
Dubai’s biggest step to date in establishing itself as a
global financial center.
Dubai is stepping up efforts to attract more IPOs. The small
size of
Dubai’s stock market explains why so much money is flowing
into property.
Dubai is working to change things, including building a
bigger bond market.
“It’s
going to be a bonanza for investment banks,” said Henry
Azzam, chief executive officer for the
Middle East and North Africa
at Deutsche Bank AG.
In a
dangerous world filled with geopolitical risks, Dubai
might be considered a “green zone” for Middle Eastern
investment. Attracting cash from Muslim investors is
only part of the push; another is attracting the biggest
institutional investors from
New York, London
and Tokyo.
Boom and
bust
Yet, oil
booms have an erratic track record; just about every one
has been followed by a painful bust.
The
outlook for energy is cloudy as Venezuelan President
Hugo Chavez and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
try to use oil as a weapon against the United States,
and as concerns mount that the dollar will collapse or
that the United States might attack Iran. Also,
inflation in the UAE rose a record 9.3 percent last year
amid surging property prices.
To
sustain the boom,
Dubai needs to beat the system, so to speak; it has to overcome
the skyscraper curse. Trouble is, few economies have
done so. |