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Welcome
to the greatest party on Earth.
It’s in
the Middle East and it’s about $100 oil, though you
wouldn’t really know it here in Dubai. It’s not just
because oil is still a bit shy of $100 a barrel; it’s
that this isn’t a public celebration. Gulf officials
don’t want to appear ecstatic about trends threatening
growth almost everywhere else.
Yet it’s
a party nonetheless, as the fuel—literally and
figuratively—propelling economic growth and raising the
region’s global influence continues to rise in value.
This
silent party is unique for another reason: the hangover
may already be under way even before the merrymaking
reaches a fever pitch. As petrodollars fill government
coffers and create new billionaires, inflation is
becoming a worrisome side effect.
Consider
trends in the
United Arab Emirates,
where surging property prices drove inflation to a
record 9.3 percent last year. Talk to locals here and
they will tell you that inflation, which is reported
annually, feels higher than the official rate.
UAE
officials have been slow to take an obvious step that
would cool things down: revaluing the currency, the
dirham. It’s pegged to the US dollar, which has fallen
13 percent against the euro this year. Standard
Chartered Plc says the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
nations need to raise the value of their currencies 20
percent to restore normalcy to economies.
They
should do it immediately.
Just do
it
A move
is coming, and the markets are pushing for it. It’s
hoped that a December 3 to 4 meeting of GCC leaders will
result in plans for a regional currency revaluation pact
at some point.
With
investors, such as Jim Rogers, chairman of New
York-based Rogers Holdings and a former partner of
George Soros, saying “the dollar peg is doomed,” the
news, as they say, is out. Merrill Lynch & Co. predicts
either the UAE or Qatar will cut the dollar peg within
half a year.
Faced
with today’s inflation rates—Qatar’s reached a record
14.8 percent in the first quarter—the region shouldn’t
squander half a year mulling what’s both inevitable and
logical.
“The
economic argument is there,” says Marios Maratheftis,
head of research for Standard Chartered in the
Middle East.
At the
moment, Gulf central banks can’t raise borrowing costs;
they must follow the US Federal Reserve to maintain
their pegs. Each time Fed chairman Ben Bernanke cuts
rates,
Gulf states
have an even harder time clamping down on growth amid
rising oil prices.
Big
decisions
It’s a
fait accompli. Why pump unnecessary doubt into markets?
Just get it over with and move on to other issues.
“Depegging should address supply-side factors that are
feeding inflation, but tougher steps are also required
to contain domestic demand,” says Mushtaq Khan, an
economist at Citigroup Inc.
In some
ways, the UAE is moving in the other direction. On
November 20, it announced plans to boost federal
spending by $1.8 billion next year, raising state
workers’ pay by 70 percent. This would be one of those
rare cases where economists John Maynard Keynes and
Milton Friedman might have agreed on something. Is it
really wise to deal with inflation by essentially
loosening fiscal policy?
Scrapping the dollar peg is clearly a big decision. The
region has never had an independent monetary policy and
pegging the currencies to the dollar, or others like
ones linked to the British pound before that, offered an
element of stability. And change is always a bit scary.
Three
positives
Among
the more drastic changes would be scrapping the dollar
and re-pegging to a basket of currencies. Yet if that
seems too radical, Gulf economies should at the very
least repeg currencies at a higher level against the
dollar. Three immediate positives would come from such a
step.
One, it
would cool inflation. Two, it would improve the
livelihoods of the many overseas workers who flock to
cities like Dubai and send wages home to support
families. Three, it would force American consumers to
conserve more.
This
third effect might not go down well with Gulf leaders
enjoying high oil prices. Yet, abandoning the dollar peg
would boost oil prices for Americans, the biggest oil
consumers. The Bush administration isn’t pushing
conservation; currency shifts in the Gulf could fill the
void, helping lower global greenhouse-gas emissions.
High on
the list of arguments to tread carefully is the risk of
precipitating a dollar crash. The problem is that the
issue is too often discussed in conspiratorial tones.
Calls by
Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and Iranian President
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to scrap the dollar only fan such
speculation. Clearly, President George W. Bush’s foreign
policies haven’t won the US many friends in the Gulf,
either. Yet this is more about business than grudges as
the dollar slides.
Just
because a financial arrangement has worked for decades
doesn’t mean it makes sense forever. As economies boom
and oil prices surge, Gulf leaders are faced with big
decisions on the dollar. Big, but also inevitable. |